How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era

Mr.Tan How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era In this essay I will explore and explain how the atmosphere of tension and suspense is built up in short stories in the Victorian period. I will show how various techniques build the overall effect. I will do this by comparing and contrasting three short stories, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and â€Å"The Red Room† by H. G. Wells. These stories are similar in many ways and all consist of mysterious irrational plots. The Victorians were concerned with the idea of rationality, science over religion, and this is reflected in these stories To begin with I will look at the characters in the stories. Characters can help reflect the atmosphere of a story, an example of this is the old people in â€Å"The Red Room†. They are very strange, say very little and are nameless. They represent the irrational. There are examples of irrational characters in the other stories. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the irrational character is called Dr. Roylott, a mysterious person who you know little of. After coming back from India he allows animals he has brought back with him roam freely around his house. This is particularly relevant to the Victorian era as India was part of the English empire and was seen as a wild, uncivilised place, to reflect Dr, Roylott's character. The irrational character in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is actually the narrator, who once again has no name. This character becomes insane and is obsessed with his guest's â€Å"vulture eye†. In the end he murders his guest and places him under the floor boards. The character is haunted by the beat of his victim's heart and he is forced to confess his crime. The way the text has been written also reflects the character as he repeats words and puts some in capital. In these stories there seems to always be a character that represents the rational and logical, in contrast to the irrational. An example of this is the narrator in â€Å"The Red Room†. He enters the mysterious house with a logical and scientific approach. He completely denies the possibilities of the super natural and heads to the haunted room completely calm expecting nothing out of the ordinary. However, he falls victim to the super natural spirits of the Red Room and fear overwhelms him. He is forced to believe that there is something unnatural in this room. This style of character is also portrayed in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† as Inspector Holmes. He enters the crime scene with a rational approach. He uses logical methods to surveys his surroundings and solves the mystery. This would appeal to the Victorians attitude towards rationality Unlike â€Å"The Red Room† Sherlock Holmes solves the crime with rationality and does not fall victim to the irrational and super natural ideas, and logic triumphs. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† does not involve a main rational character, but the very presence of an officer causes the mad narrator to confess his crime. I will now look at the language the authors use. All three stories have a lot of dark adjectives that evoke an eerie atmosphere that really helps describe the mood of a scene. For instance in â€Å"The Red Room†, words like â€Å"pale† and â€Å"monstrous† are used. These really help create a sense of suspense by setting the scene. Colours are used frequently also. The use of varied sentence length is another technique used. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band†, the author uses long detailed sentences to really describe the situation well and set a good picture of the story. This reflects Sherlock Holmes' character that looks at everything in detail. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Red Room† the use of short sentences is used to build great tension and suspense. E.g. â€Å"I felt that I must scream or die! And now –again! –hark! Louder! Louder! Louder! Louder!† Another technique is the use of repetition. In â€Å"The Red Room†, the word â€Å"dark† is repeated a lot and so is the warning â€Å"This night of all nights†. This helps get the idea across by constantly hitting the reader with this information. This is also used in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† as a way of expressing the narrator's madness. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the idea of murder is repeated. There is a wide use of similes and metaphors of darkness and fear in the stories. These can help describe the mood of the story. An example of this is in â€Å"like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars† in â€Å"The Red Room†. Personification is also used as a good technique of description. â€Å"Little tongue of light† References to senses help describe the situation as well by giving a sensation that we can relate to like smell and touch. Now I will look at the setting. The setting of a story can help reflect the overall mood. A dark, old, gloomy house can create a feeling of dread and fear. Victorians were concerned with appearances and a derelict house was considered awful. In the description of a setting, pathetic fallacies can be used. A Pathetic fallacy is when the weather of a scene reflects the mood of man. For instance it says â€Å"the wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing† in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† , this creates a turbulent atmosphere that can suggest menace and murder. The structures of the stories are fairly similar also. They usually start with a description of characters and setting and an introduction to the plot to engage interest. The plot then unfolds and a dramatic event happens, the killing of the guest in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† or the events inside the haunted room in â€Å"The Red Room†. The plot unfolds or resolves and there is a period looking back. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the crime is solved and in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† the mad-man confesses his crime. I find that there are various techniques used to create tension and suspense in these stories. Characters help reflect the atmosphere and mood of a story or scene and we can see a situation more clearly based on how a character reacts. The language is very important as it is how we read the story. Techniques such as personification and repetition can effectively create suspense and tension. The setting can also help reflect the mood of the story. And there is also the contrast between irrationality and rationality that appears throughout the stories. All these techniques create a powerful overall effect that appeals to the reader.

Life Course Case Study Essay

Introduction In this assignment I conduct a life course case study of a seventy-four year old man, Mr. Gambina, in order to find out whether structure or agency has been most influential throughout his life. The agent is the person who actually performs the action, while structure refers to the main structures in society that influence the way the agents act. Most structuralists share a conviction that individual human beings function solely as elements of the (often hidden) social networks to which they belong. The life course theory emerged in the 1960s out of the need to understand human development as occurring across the life span. This field, which emphasizes how individual lives are socially patterned over time, and the processes by which lives are changed by changing environments. Life-course studies emphasise the importance of epistemology in the study of society. Thus, collecting information on the four interrelated dimensions of the life story: structural, socio-cultural, interpersonal and personal story. According to Janet Z. Giele and Glen H. Elder, Jr., â€Å"Any point in the life span must be viewed dynamically as the consequence of past experience and future expectation,† I have tried to keep this in mind while conducting my study and analysis of Mr. Gambina’s life span. Theory The sociological theory that I shall be taking into consideration is that of C. Wright Mills. Mills’ aim was to develop what he called sociological imagination. The sociological imagination, he argued, is an outlook on society that focuses on the intimate connections between larger structural issues (what he called Public Issues) and the daily problems that confront individuals (Personal Troubles). Mills sought to demonstrate how issues of power, ideology and class are tied up with the daily troubles of ordinary individuals. Mills also sought to expose what he saw as the tragedy of sociology – the inability, unwillingness or refusal to cultivate the sociological imagination. An important assumption underlying Mills’ work is that social reality is both macroscopic and microscopic. Sociologists should try to understand social reality in terms of the meanings that social structures have for individuals. Failure to comprehend these macro-micro inner-connections results in sterile, pseudo-sophisticated rambling, which contributes little to the development of the social sciences or to the usefulness of sociology for progressive social change. This reluctance to cultivate the sociological imagination is, for Mills, the tragedy of modern sociology. Mills thought that social structure has a reality independent of the activities of ordinary individuals. Nonetheless individuals make and remake the social relations of everyday life. The aim of good sociology is to sensitise us to the many ways that social structure influences the daily lives of ordinary people. His greatest political and intellectual concern was that people in advanced societies would be manipulated into a state of acquiescence and political impotence, a state where the role of human reason would no longer play be an important force for progressive social change. He says, â€Å"we cannot adequately understand ‘man’ as an isolated biological creature, as a bundle of reflexes or a set of instincts, as an ‘intelligible field’ or a system in and of itself. Whatever else he may be, man is a social and an historical actor who must be understood, if at all, in close and intricate interplay with social and historical structures† . Literature Review There have been many life-course studies in the last century, each focusing on a separate element of the interviewee’s life, ranging from why and how people choose their friends to the female social climber . A similar study to the one I am conducting is Katherine R. Allen and Robert S. Pickett’s 1984 life-course study of women born in 1910, in America. Allen and Pickett paid particular attention to the variations in life patterns and choices fostered. They realized an increased trend in the employment of women, the expansion of educational careers, significant alterations in marriage and divorce patterns, a prolongation of the life course and a great  imbalance in the proportions of women to men in their later years. Also in 1984, Dieter Ulich and Winfried N. Saup conducted life-course research, conducted towards coping with crises in old age. They found negative stereotypes and self-concepts in the elderly. They argued that gerontology would help towards coping with stress. Susan De Vos and Steven Ruggles explored the connections between the life course and the kin group, in 1985, focusing on the demographic determinants of kin groups, such as frequency and timing of births, deaths and marriages, which all define the context within which rules of kinship operate. Steven Ruggles used microsimulation (following the kinship path of the individual as they age) to examine the connection between an individual’s life course and the nature of his or her kin group and its sensitivity to overall demographic conditions. A more recent study is that of Ulrich Karl Mayer in 1997, which examined the challenges faced in cross-cultural comparisons of life courses. He constructed two complimentary ideal types, based on life courses in deregulated societies and flexibly co-coordinated societies. Mayer found that links between macroinstitutional structures and individual life courses must be constructed as mutually reinforcing systems to enable successful cross-national comparisons. He concluded that cross-national comparisons of life course patterns should contain a description of the institutional configurations and of the make-up of collective actors and models of incentive systems and individual-level transitions. However, none of the life-course studies I reviewed deal specifically with the influence of structure and agency throughout the individual’s life, the topic which I am dealing with. Methodology and Methods Methodology There are two main kinds of research: quantitative and qualitative. In this case study I use qualitative research, also known as interpretive research, naturalistic research, phenomenological, descriptive research. There are three main types of qualitative data collection: interviews, observation and documents, the product of which is a narrative description. Qualitative research is very dependent on the researcher as a person. The researcher is an instrument, not a mechanical device or test instrument, as in quantitative research. By using qualitative research, the researcher gets much more depth and detail than in a standardised questionnaire, and it helps the interviewer see the world view of the people studied, the respondents’ categories, rather than imposed categories. Descriptive research attempts to avoid pre-judgements, although some disagree here as we always make judgements, but just don’t admit it, for example the choice of one location or group over another is a judgement. The goal is to try to capture what is happening without being judgemental; to present people on their own terms, try to represent them from their perspectives so reader can see their views. However, qualitative research gives a much less generalised result, and makes it difficult to collect data and make systematic comparisons. Some claim the qualitative research is too dependent on the researcher’s personal attributes and skills. Method In this case study the method I used is that of an intensive, or in-depth, interview. This is an unstructured one-to-one interview, in which broad questions are asked, giving the interviewee a starting point and then asking questions to help push him or her in the right direction. Interviews are the most flexible means of obtaining information, since the face-to-face situation helps answers to be in more depth and detail. Also, information can be observed by the interviewer without having to ask the specific question. Unlike in mail or telephone questionnaires, sensitive  questions cannot remain unanswered, and the interviewer can be certain who exactly is answering the questions, family members will not be able to confer. On the other hand, one-to-one interviews may create and interviewer bias: physical appearance, age, race, sex, dress, non-verbal behavior and/or comments may prompt respondents to answer questions untruthfully. In general, interviews are a disadvantage because a lot of time and money is required, but this is not the case for this particular life-course study, as it only deals with one person. Results Birth and Family or Origin The respondent, Mr. Gambina, born in 1927, was born during the lull between the two World Wars. When I asked him about his childhood, he told me that it was very normal, referring to things all children do, in particular his holy communion, confirmation, and that he was an altar boy. He had only good things to say about his parents, describing them both as quiet and devoted to their family. The little trouble he got into with his parents was to do with going out instead of staying home to study; he said he felt very carefree during his teenage years, telling me that they used to play in the streets, even though a war was on. The most significant even of his teenage years was the Second World War, and his father being repatriated to Sicily because of it. Education Mr. Gambina remembers enjoying school, in particular remembers his teacher who he described as gentle and well meaning. One of his lasting memories of school is the lessons being interrupted by air raids. He had a talent for languages, and remembered the name of an important book, Manzoni’s classic ‘I Promessi Sposi’ after only a second of thought. When asked about the role of education in a person’s life, he immediately replied, â€Å"Education is  everything†. Love and Work Mr. Gambina was 17 when he had his first date, which was a walk on the front. What he remembers as difficult about dating was that he a girl who he would have liked to ask out was always with a female friend of hers, making her very unapproachable. The respondent’s attitudes towards sex have always been in sync with the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. He said that one of the main reasons with his wife was that she was a woman with her own mind, and he realized that the relationship â€Å"meant business† straight away. He held that he always wanted to get married and have a family of his own; in fact he went on to have four children, two girls and two boys. He describes the best part of marriage was the birth of his children, and the worst his wife dying. The values the interviewee tried to impart on his all his children are those of the Roman Catholic Church. The respondent’s ambition was only to live a normal life, which he succeeded in accomplishing. When he was young he had wanted to be a notary, but since schooling had to be paid for, and he was relying on his brother for income, he could not continue studying. He said the war helped him to understand and accept his adult responsibilities, and he realized he had become an adult when he began working as a clerk, which he decided to do because he liked office work, also there was not much choice at the time, as it was just after WWII. Historical Events and Periods As already mentioned, the Mr. Gambina lived through the experience the Second World War; also he mentioned the granting of Malta’s independence as the important historical events he saw. He has seen the development of cooking on the Maltese traditional kenur to gas ovens, and remembers old wives tales to cure sickness put into practice. He was, and still is, and active member of the community, from being an altar boy as a child, to being an active member of the Legion of Mary now: visiting old people’s homes, the mental  hospital and parishioners in their own homes. He considers the most important thing his family gave him as honesty, the most important thing that he gave his family as affection and the most important thing he gave to the community as his time. Retirement Mr. Gambina remembers feeling relieved when he retired from his full-time job, as it was during Mintoff’s government, and he was boarded out for being a nationalist supporter. He went on to part-time work with a relative, but eventually had to stop because of health problems. He says he doesn’t miss work, that he’s living a happy life now and commented on how nice it is not to have to wake up early every morning, rain or shine. The worst thing about being retired, however, is that, since he is a widower and his children do not live with him any more, it can get lonely. His time is occupied now with working for the Legion of Mary (as mentioned earlier), running errands for himself and his children, and baby-sitting his grandchildren. He says he is very proud of his grandchildren, the best thing about them being their affection, and the worst thing when they argue. He hopes that they will always give importance to family unity. Inner Life and Spiritual Awareness The interviewee says he had a happy childhood, he definitely felt loved; one of his happiest childhood memories is preaching the Christmas sermon. He counts his turning point as a teenager as WWII, especially since his father was not with him, and his turning points as an adult as getting married and becoming a father. He says the greatest stress of being an adult is responsibility. Spirituality plays a major role in the interviewee’s life, his primary beliefs being to love God and his neighbour, and giving importance to saving his soul. Even though he sometimes doubts, he feels he has inner strength, which he gets from God and when he feels drained renews his strength through prayer. He feels at peace with himself, which he says was achieved by keeping hope alive. Major Life Themes Mr. Gambina says that the most important gifts he has gotten are the values passed on to him from his parents, pointing out that they are the same as those of the Catholic Church. His crucial decisions were deciding to get married and have a family, which taught him to appreciate life more. He can handle disappointment serenely, knowing that life goes on. His greatest joy has been the births of his children and grandchildren, while the worst points are the deaths of his father, mother, wife and brother. His greatest worry is that he has to leave this world. Though he knows he stopped changing a long time ago, he does not feel old and believes he can cope, adding that his children and grandchildren keep him alive. Discussion Agency and Structure both play important factors in our lives. Agency is the power of actors to operate independently of the shaping constraints of social structure. Structure, on the other hand, is the main structures in society and their sway on our personal lives, such as the government, religion, education, and the work place, as illustrated through this life-course study. My job now is to determine where both structure and agency have influenced the subject’s, Mr. Gambina’s, life. When asked about his childhood, Mr. Gambina said he considered his it to be normal with reference to activities related to the Roman Catholic Church (namely his First Holy Communion, Confirmation, and that he was an altar boy), this is a clear indication that the structure of the Church has played a very large role in his life, so large that he defines himself by it. We can also see this influence in Mr. Gambina’s attitudes towards sex as a teenager, the values he tried to impart on his children (those of the Roman Catholic Church), which he also considers to be the most important gifts from his parents and what he considers to be that happiest memory of his childhood – giving the Christmas sermon. We can also see the weight religion carries for him in his choice of activities: working with the Legion of Mary, one of their activities being going to people’s houses to pray with  them, and to give them a statue of the Virgin Mary to pray to for a week. Another structure that played a significant role in Mr. Gambina’s life is education. Though he did not continue his education past ordinary level standard, this was not because he did not want to, but because it was too expensive to do so at the time. This obviously does not mean that he does not treat getting an education as important, and when he was asked, he himself said, â€Å"Education is everything†. Inevitably, the war played a large part in Mr. Gambina’s life. He counts it as the event that turned him into an adult. Also, since his father was repatriated to Sicily, his teenage years, the years in which he needed a father’s guidance most, were spent without that support. In this way, we can see, again, the dominance of structure in Mr. Gambina’s life course. In his work, Mr. Gambina was also affected by structure. Starting work when he did was due to the fees that had to be paid to continue schooling, which his family could not afford. The type of work he did was influenced greatly by structure to, although he wanted to work in an office job, he did not have much selection at the time, as it was just after the Second World War had ended, and there were a lot of people left unemployed (this is also another way in which the war affect Mr. Gambina’s life). I also cannot ignore the comment Mr. Gambina made about being relieved to have retired, as he was discriminated against, and in his own words, â€Å"boarded out,† of his job as a clerk because of his political beliefs. One aspect that structure did not control was Mr. Gambina’s choice for a wife. It was not common at that time for women to be working, but this is precisely what first attracted Mr. Gambina to who would become Mrs. Gambina. He liked that she was an independent woman. In this circumstance, we see that agency playing its role. Conclusion The life course study conducted was to indicate to what extent the  respondent’s life was a product of structure and/or agency. All individuals are affected by social structure, and at the same time, each and every structure is made up of individuals, all performing diverse social actions. In examining Mr. Gambina’s life story, it becomes clear that structure has played a much more prominent influence in his life than agency. First and foremost the Second World War, which affected not only Mr. Gambina’s everyday life, but also the life of each individual that lived through it. Education, another structure, is also a factor that Mr. Gambina considers to be important. In his work, we can see Mr. Gambina being affected by structure in the type of job he opted for, and also the influence of the government, even in his office, which had influenced his everyday life, and caused him to detest his last two years of work. In the case of Mr. Gambina, the great importance that he has given to his religion has throughout his life, as illustrated in both the results and the discussion, obviously leads to the reasoning that structure, and especially that of the Roman Catholic Church, has been given priority in his life span. The only case I could find in Mr. Gambina’s life of agency taking control is when he chose his wife, and his decision to rear a family, though I must admit, I am not exactly sure that the choice to have one’s own family is a choice made completely independently. In conclusion, I think the answer to the question ‘has agency or structure been given priority throughout the life course of Mr. Gambina?’ is indisputable. Structure has been the major influence in his life story, and still remains so. References Richard T. Schaefer, Sociology, seventh edition, McGraw-Hill, 2001 C. Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination, 1959 Janet Z. Giele and Glen H. Elder, Jr., Methods of Life Course Research Roger D. Wimmer and Joseph R. Dominick, Mass Media Research, An Introduction, Wadsworth, 1994 Internet sources http://www.socialscience.eku.edu/Ant/BANKS/CWMILLS_HT2.htm

Is the Arab world changing for the better) Research Paper

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What Factors lead to hyperinflations and what can be done to eliminate them - Essay Example ral cause of hyperinflation may be described as follows – an unprecedented rise in money supply that is bereft of any growth in output or services creates a disparity between the demand and supply of money. This imbalance leads to a loss of confidence in the value of the money and finally, hyperinflation. The situation becomes such gruesome that any kind of legal tender laws, price controls, fail to return the confidence on the value of the paper money, which is without any intrinsic value to the consumer. If the government resorts to excessive printing of money and if it gets a friendly environment to foster inflation, hyperinflation keeps on sustaining and in a cumulative manner, erodes the economy day by day. The government in such case often fails to match the pace of its currency printing mechanism with that of the devaluating currency (the rate at which the currency is losing its value). (Hyperinflation: causes, cures†) The incident of hyperinflation is almost always associated with the paper form of money. This is because it is the simplest way to increase money supply. In most of the cases after experiencing hyperinflation, an economy reverts to hard money. An investigation into the basic causes of hyperinflation will offer more questions than answers. According to the monetarists and the classical economists, a hyperinflation is always led by irresponsible borrowing of money by the government in order to pay all of its expenses. The monetary and classical theory regarding the hyperinflation center on the untamed seignorage on behalf of the monetary authority and the gains they can reap off the inflation tax. The neo liberals, on the other hand, explain hyperinflation in terms of the confidence crisis. The neoliberal theory of hyperinflation is known as the quantity theory of hyperinflation. According to them loss of confidence of the mass on the capability of paper money to readily transform int o hard currency like gold, silver or other form of

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International Ethics - Assignment Example Lastly, illegal immigrants pose serious problems to the states, imposing enormous economic costs and are a major concern in the times of today. In the recent years the outbreak of the global war on terror has raised serious issues of human rights and distributive justice in the international system. According to scholars "the term  distributive justice  refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution determined by justified norms that structure the terms of social cooperation" (Beauchamp and Childress, 226). Moral and ethical troubles take place with distributive justice when there is tug war for resources. Also with the ongoing war on terrorism serious human right violations are observed, bloodshed of innocents, torture and targeted killings of many etc. Human rights are relevant to terrorism as concerns both its victims and its perpetrators ( Zalman). It is believed by many that for a state to emphasize on its national security, it has to steal away the rights of others resulting in concerns of human security and distributive justice. These beliefs however vary in different schools of thoughts. Where war is inevitable for realists, the idealists view it unnecessary, unethical and immoral.  Idealism holds that a state should make its internal political  philosophy  the goal of its foreign policy which is never war. A â€Å"realist† foreign policy of a state places national interests and security above ideology, ethics and morality (Ziring et al, 9). The idealist school believes that foreign policy must reflect the ethical, moral and philosophical values of the country. Realists approach would defend and promote violation of human rights and distributive justice for the defense of national security however an idealists approach would condemn that. As a Secretary of Foreign Policy and International Ethics I would design an assessment which would

HR COMPANY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR COMPANY - Essay Example Human resources management department of a company is responsible for the execution of crucial tasks such as recruitment and selection of new employees and ensuring employee motivation, among other tasks relating to employees. Since employees have a high influence on the productivity of a company, the human resources management should perform explicitly. This paper focuses on Google Inc Company, addressing its human resources practices, including strengths and weaknesses in this department. Google Inc is an international company, which has its focus on innovation. It aims at improving better ways through which people communicate and connect by use of information. It is among the 500 fortune companies, with enormous revenues. In the United States, Google has employed approximately 20,000 people, and its job growth rate stands at 33 per cent. Today, the technology has advanced at an alarming rate, therefore, the needs of customers in the market have subsequently revolutionized. Since G oogle Inc is a technology-based company, this has called for it to renovate a number of its products in order to meet the needs of its customers (Anthony Web). The good thing about Google Inc is how it has managed to remain reputable as one of the most successful company worldwide. This is with regard to its profits and the way it meets the needs of its customers. Secondly, Google Inc is identified as one of the topmost best employers in the world. Google Inc is one of the top companies known to invest heavily in its human resources, for high productivity. This company has adopted various human resources practices, including recruitment, training, motivation, and compensation, among others. All these are aimed at making the employees perform well, and this is the reason why this company is ranked among the world’s best employers (Anthony Web). Google Inc scores high on employee satisfaction, compared to other companies. This is because of the kind of work environment the comp any sets for its employees, which boosts their motivation. In this company, new employees are trained and familiarized with the company culture before starting the job. This therefore, gives them the knowledge of what their employer expects from them in meeting the company goals. Google Inc is also good at recruitment. Since it is an international company, it values diversity, and this is reflected in its workforce. Despite recruiting from different regions of the world, Google Inc still manages to identify the best candidates, who have contributed to its success (Walker Web). Motivation for employees is through different ways. First, Google Inc is one of the companies with the best salary package for employees. Apart from salary, there is a variety of benefits for employees. For instance, the recently unleashed death benefit in the company aims at compensating the deceased employees’ families. Upon death, a family gets 50 per cent of the deceased employee’s salary for the next ten years. Additionally, their partners are entitled to stock benefits, in addition to $1,000 monthly for all children until they reach nineteen years (Casserly Web). In order to ensure that employees update their skills, Google Inc has a training programme through GoogleEDU. This in-house programme helps employees boost their skills for better performance on their job. The leadership style adopted by this company is participatory, whereby all